I got my glasses on just incase
Surplus Rifle.Com's Rifle Data Section's
[Japanese Arisaka Type 99 Rifle]
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| Author | Comment | ||
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M Brater |
Type 38 backing out primers |
Lead | |
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Got a type 38 last week and went to shoot it today with some hornady 140 gr sp and the primers are backing out a little less than halfway. I plan on reloading
for it and maybe getting a Lee collet die on custom order.I shot a whole box, Am I playing with fire?(pun intended) What do you guys think? I'm thinking
after the first firing and then using the collet die it might not back out the primers again? Thanks for any help Mike
I got my glasses on just incase
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petersalt |
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Actually, primers backing out are USUALLY because of low pressure loads. [The cartridge needs a significant pressure to swell the case and push back against
the bolthead. If the cartridge head doesn't back up to the bolthead, the primer WILL.]
However, if these aren't mysterious handloads from a show, and you KNOW the loading is somewhere in the NEIGHBORHOOD of OEM military loads, you may have some thing else going on. If the bolt looks otherwise ok, check the headspace against a known gauge or new, factory original case. Gluck... cheers, peterNaCl |
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eb in oregon |
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Yes, primers backing out can also be an indicator of excessive headspace. I've had this indicator in the past with two rifles. I'd check that first.
eb
"We must all hang together, or most assuredly we shall all hang separately."
Benjamin Franklin, July 4 1776
Last Edited By: eb in oregon
12/02/09 11:11 AM.
Edited 1 times.
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M Brater |
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Thanks for the help guys. Forgot to mention the ammo is factory hornady.The bottom of the brass above the rim is also bulged out some. So my next step would be
get some headspace gauges, wheres the best place to buy them as this is a weird caliber? If it is excessive headspace I don't want to rechamber to another
caliber,I guess try and get a longer bolt? Its a shame as this rifle is a real tack drive with a swweet trigger. Will neck sizing the once fired brass help
any?
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eb in oregon |
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You can try that, or you can try another bolt. They're easy enough to find. The problem though is that you can buy another bolt and still be where your at
now. The bulge you mention indicates to me an oversize chamber. While not really a problem for a military rifle where reloading isn't an issue, it seems to
me that you might look for someone with a chamber reamer and gauges so you can have the barrel set back a thread.
Darn it, where's Riceone when you need him? You might PM him. eb
"We must all hang together, or most assuredly we shall all hang separately."
Benjamin Franklin, July 4 1776 |
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Parashooter |
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Moderately bulged cases are completely normal in 6.5 Japanese rifles and it has little to do with headspace. Most ammo makers simply make cases that are
somewhat smaller in base size than the usual chambers on these rifles. Severely bulged cases, with a diameter difference fore and aft of the solid web greater
than about .015", may indicate a deformed or corroded chamber.
Left>Right: .220 Swift re-formed, Norma 6.5 Jap., .35 Rem. re-formed. Only the fat .35 case fits closely at base. The protruding primers are almost certainly the result of low pressure combined with normal cartridge end-play. Only if the protrusion amounts to more than about .020" (the end-play of a minimum cartridge in a maximum chamber) is it a likely indication of excess headspace.
Fireforming with loads robust enough to re-seat the primers, followed by neck-sizing on subsequent loads, will very likely eliminate the protrusion. Applying a light film of sizing lube (castor oil is cheap and effective) to the cases before fireforming can reduce the pressure required to re-seat primers and help prevent internal case-wall stretching. The lube will increase bolt thrust, but the strong Arisaka action won't notice. |
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blitz99 |
Say, there, Blitz ... not terribly wise to call the moderator's post 'WRONG'... | ||
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Other than the post by Para , all the "advice" you were given is wrong . The Japanese increased the size of their chambers after the problem with mud
in the Russian war , they kept the ammo the same size . Most modern made ammo is even smaller . It is normal to get the "problems" you are having .
Yes just neck sizing will solve your problem . Headspace gauges for a T-38 are a waste of time and money as they are made to ammo spec , too small . About all
T-38's will fail with them . Also you may be having another "problem" , What year was your T-38 made ? You can post the maker , serial number
and series if it has one and that will tell . The earlier T-38's had a larger bore size and will not produce enough pressure with a .264 dia , small bering
surface bullet . This will also cause the primer back out .
Last Edited By: petersalt
12/06/09 10:26 PM.
Edited 1 times.
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M Brater |
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Parashooter and blitz99 thanks for the help and great info! My rifle has the tokyo symbol with no series mark that I can see. The serial number is eight
hundred seventy four thousand and change.The ammo is store bought hornady ammo so I don't see how that could be underpowered but maybe compared to military
ammo it is.Has anyone tried the lee factory crimp die and/or the lee collet die for this caliber? I think they are custom order for $59. I will try and post a
pic of a couple cases, there are worse ones but they are in the bottom of my tumbler, also a target w/ a seven shot group. Thanks Mike
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67L36Driver |
Typical type 38 problem. | ||
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I got tired of the undersized and overpriced commercial ammo and simply rechambered mine to 260 Rem. Make all of my loads from necked up .243 Win
brass.
Used an extension on the reamer to avoid removing the barrel.
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Parashooter |
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The two cases in MB's target picture experienced pressure much lower than the usual working pressure for 6.5 Arisaka. That's evident from the fact that
their body expansion did not progress very far into the heavy-walled section of the body near the solid web. Compare them to the reformed .220 Swift case on
the left in my picture and you may be able to see what I'm talking about.
Why the low-pressure loading in factory ammo? Lawyers! |
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eb in oregon |
I find it interesting... | ||
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how some of us seem to think that "their advice" is the "best advice," and the only advice worth following. This is generally apparent in
their language and low key refutation of a previous post. Some just flat out say somebody else's advice is "wrong."
I'll admit I'm not above arguing a point, or offering counter opinion ,yet I don't think I've ever flat out said another's advice was "wrong." We all have experience that we've reached through various methods, techniques, life experience, and hard knocks. Lets address the issue of "bulged cases." As M Brater mentioned bulged cases (not however mentioning how bulged they were), I suggested that bulged cases may indicate an oversize chamber, not knowing exactly how "bulged" his cases were. blitz99 mentioned that the Japanese did increase the chamber dimensions of their rifles as a result of experience gained during the Russo/Japanese War. Correct and to the point, yet this doesn't make the previous statement "wrong." And, there is a limit to the amount of acceptable "bulge" of a cases diameter. Not knowing exactly how much that bulge is with these cases (no dimensions have been given) a definitive answer is really not possible. As for the issue of primers backing out, "most certainly" it is generally an indicator of low pressure in a cartridge, however it is not only that. It can be an indicator of excessive headspace as I have experienced twice with commercial rifles, with commercial ammo, during the last thirty years that I've been working on and repairing rifles. Both of these rifles had had a long "service life" with a lot of rounds and both were set back a thread and rechambered, solving the problem. No further issues with primers backing out with factory ammo, which both owners chose to use. Of the hundreds of rifles I've ever fired, with thousands of rounds, I've experienced a primer backing out from low pressure cartridge exactly three times, and that was from cartridges that were accidently reloaded with an undercharge traced to powder bridging in the measure. That was about the time I learned to look in each and every case before seating the bullet. Now I'm not an "advanced reloader" who enjoys making gallery loads or other low powered loads as I've never had the need or desire. I make my ammunition to a minimum of factory specs, with general factory pressures, with the original cartridge velocities. Thats my technique, and thats my desire. Others can and will have a different outlook, fine for them. Then there is the issue of "undersized" ammunition. The majority of rifles discussed within these forums are military rifles, meant for battle, under the worst of conditions, with no thought of ever having the ammunition used ever being reloaded. One time use, no problem. That means that the ammunition produced is generally manufactured to the original makers cartridge dimensions. And, as this ammunition wasn't initially made to be reloaded, those of us that do reload them may experience some minor difficulties with those cases being "over worked" by resizing. So we have to make adjustments and perform different techniques to make these cases last for several reloadings. And there are some among us that want their cases to last forever. More power to them, go for it and have at it. In contrast there are those of us that just want their ammunition to work well, safely, and in any of our rifles. Different approach, neither is "wrong." And as Accurate Powder reports Norma factory ammunition as producing 40,000 chamber pressures, I'm not too sure I'd call that "low-pressure loading in factory ammo." http://www.accuratepowder.com/data/PerCaliber2Guide/Rifle/Standarddata(Rifle)/264Cal(6.5mm)/6-5%20Arisaka%20pages%20227%20and%20228.pdf eb
"We must all hang together, or most assuredly we shall all hang separately."
Benjamin Franklin, July 4 1776
Last Edited By: eb in oregon
12/04/09 09:38 AM.
Edited 2 times.
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eagle7 |
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Parashooter, is it easy to reform 35 Rem cases into 6.5 Arisaka?
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Parashooter |
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eb in oregon wrote:Has it occurred to you that the set back and rechamber jobs may have corrected worn throats that were causing a low-pressure condition evidenced by protruding primers? Perhaps unlikely, but it's another possible explanation of what you observed. Unless crimped in place, primers can back out whenever there is sufficient cartridge end-play for them to do so. This may be a result of long headspace, short cartridges, or both. When normal working pressure is reached in most smokeless military rifles, cases usually stretch to re-seat the primers, which are then flush with the case head. I often see forum participants citing "excess headspace" when what's really meant is "excess cartridge end-play". The difference isn't as trivial as you might think - a rifle with normal headspace can be loaded with cartridges that are short in the head-shoulder dimension. The result looks just like a normal cartridge fired in a rifle with excess headspace - only careful measurement will reveal which situation occurred. The factory ammunition used by MB was Hornady, not Norma. The evidence of low pressure is easy to observe in his photo if you know what to look for. Perhaps Hornady's lawyers are more cautious than Norma's. Perhaps MB's rifle has the oversize bore mentioned in Blitz' post. In any case, the amount of protrusion shown in the picture indicates cartridge end-play with that ammo in that rifle is generous but not hazardous. Informed handloading technique should enable plenty of enjoyable shooting without worrying about headspace or bulged cases. If that target was shot at 50 yards or more, the rifle is certainly accurate in his hands.
Last Edited By: Parashooter
12/04/09 10:30 PM.
Edited 2 times.
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Parashooter |
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eagle7 wrote:Yes, but they're a little short. |
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Donld |
What if we add pierced primers to the backing out problem? | ||
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Every 38 I own has had the primers back out and the cases bulge, sometimes to scary dimensions, but one also had pierced primers. I had loaded the cases as
lightly as the Lee Loader data sheet recommemded, and I didn't notice any gas in my face, but the look of the fired cases definitely made me a bit wary.
The last 38 I bought, a poorly-bubbaized barreled receiver with a very frosty bore I picked up at a gun show for $15, merely backs out the primers a bit, thus
behaving far less frighteningly than the others.
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eb in oregon |
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The evidence of low pressure is easy to observe in his photo if you know what to look for. If the military computer I've been using would let me "see" any of those photos, that would be nice. Has it occurred to you that the set back and rechamber jobs may have corrected worn throats that were causing a low-pressure condition evidenced by protruding primers? Sure did, however to restore worn throats to original condition you kind of have to set the barrel back and re-cut them. And both of these rifles failed the headspacing gauge miserably. The factory ammunition used by MB was Hornady, not Norma. I'm aware of that, and after some searching I couldn't find any information that expressly stated Hornaday's chamber pressure specifications. However the lowest pressure listed on Accurate's load tables is approximatly 29,000 psi. I wouldn't think Hornaday's pressures would be lower than that, and last time I looked 29,000 psi wasn't considered "low pressure." Then there is the matter that original 6.5 Arisaka is stated to run approximatly 39,000 psi, so Normas ammunition exceeds the original chamber pressure of this rifle. I often see forum participants citing "excess headspace" when what's really meant is "excess cartridge end-play". And here I have to admit I'm at a total loss where you get this information as I've never, ever seen anything in print that suggest's the .02 "cartridge float" dimension you mention as being normal. Considering that "Go" and "No GO" dimensions are usually measured in increments of less than .008 (usually even less) I find that .02 "float" a wonderment within a chamber. Also, I've never seen anything that remotely suggests that cartridge dimensions have plus or minus .01 in their manufacturing tolerances. That in itself could cause a whole world of those "law suites" you mentioned as there would be chambering, pressure, and other problems in thousands of rifles being sold. The difference isn't as trivial as you might think I don't think I've ever given the impression that I think there is anything trivial about re-loading, exactly the opposite. I take it deadly serious. I do have the idea though that some of what you are discussing and promoting is actually a method to circumvent and adjust a cartridge for large chamber dimensions. The comment was made (to paraphrase) "almost all Arisakas will fail headspacing." Exactly. As mentioned, all of these rifles that we discuss here (the milsurps) are battle rifles, made to work under the worst of all conditions, and we all know that their chamber dimensions are generous for this exact reason. So we adjust our methods to deal with generous chamber dimensions. For those "gallery loads" you like to use, I'm sure that you carefully craft them so that they just fit the rifle you are firing them for, otherwise I'm pretty certain your primers would be backing out. Unless crimped in place, primers can back out whenever there is sufficient cartridge end-play for them to do so. As mentioned I've only had this occur to any of my ammunition three times as a result of an under charge (I'd estimate about half of the desired charge) and I've full length re-sized my ammunition most of my years re-loading. I've started most of my loads at the bottom end of the tables for any particular cartridge, working up to the velocity of the original cartridge. I've never had a primer back out during this process. This entails that the minimum charge listed in anybody's loading tables are adaquate, and that using my techniques, all the rifles I've collected and fired, had adaquate and correct headspace. I'd also like to mention that a rifle with excess headspace can be used as safely as any other rifle, IF the cartridges are tailored for that rifle. Headspace gauges are used to insure that a particular rifle, using factory (this includes surplus ammunition) can be safely fired under all conditions. And I'd like to mention that excess headspace is not always dangerous. It is usually only dangerous if high pressure cartridges are fired in a rifle with A LOT of excess headspace (and possibly a worn throat and other issues). Lets compromise! eb
"We must all hang together, or most assuredly we shall all hang separately."
Benjamin Franklin, July 4 1776
Last Edited By: eb in oregon
12/05/09 08:49 AM.
Edited 3 times.
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Parashooter |
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To arrive at the .020" figure for allowable cartridge stretch, subtract the minimum cartridge rim or head-shoulder dimension from the maximum
"field" headspace dimension. For most of the medium military cartridges, the difference is approximately .020". I'd show you some sample
pictures of SAAMI spec drawings, but you wouldn't be able to view them, so you'll just have to accept that this may be another valid concept you've
not previously encountered. (Kind of like castor oil.)
The amount of pressure it takes to re-seat a backed-out primer varies. In a .38 Special revolver, it regularly happens at well under 13,000 psi. In most medium military rifle cartridges with clean, dry chamber and case, it takes roughly 30,000 psi to stretch the case and re-seat the primer. Add anything that inhibits case-chamber adhesion and the dynamic can change if the front end of the case is free to slide under pressure. |
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M Brater |
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Thanks to everyone for the help and great info! These type 38's are new to me and I've learned alot! I'm guessing the best way to learn the trim to
length for the brass would be to make a chamber casting?
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Parashooter |
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M Brater wrote:Usually a good idea, but in this case it may not help. If your 38's chamber is like mine, it's unusual in having no definite step at the mouth (not to mention the double-radius shoulder and segmental rifling).
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M Brater |
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I've been using the lee cutter system with the pull handle that looks like your trying to start a weedeater with good luck so far. It trims down to saami
spec which is probably too short for my chamber in the 6.5 arisaka,any tips for that? Thanks Mike I will dig out the worst bulged case from my tumbler and most
backed out primer and post a pic.
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eb in oregon |
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I'm afraid that I will continue to disagree with you on several issues. While you were absolutly correct about Castor oil (which I was using before my
deployment, taking that advice), we're talking about quite different things here.
Your explanation regarding cartridge end play was intresting and informative. I'll have to look at that a little more. However, regarding your comment that "it takes roughly 30,000 psi to stretch the case and reseat the primer," I'll have to continue to disagree. If one were to care to look at the link I posted for Accurate powders, one would see that there are several loads that are down in the 24,000 to 26,000 pressure range. I find it difficult to believe that a powder manufacturer would publish charges that would invariably cause a consumer to experience their primers backing out, using the manufacturers data. Makes for bad customer relations. Then there is the issue that in my own reloading experience I've made many cartridges that were in those pressure ranges (if one were to believe the published manufacturers data), in a varity of rifles and never experienced the phenomena. 24,000 psi isn't a pressure that I'd call "low," nor a pressure that should fail to expand a brass case of less than .016 thickness on average, regardless of the condition of the chamber throat, and usually chamber finish. My opinion and experience, obviously different than yours. And Mike, I wouldn't loose much sleep over the cartridge length. Most manufacturers publish a "trim to length" dimension on their drawings. You can go shorter, or longer, if longer, only then I'd think about a chamber cast. Your Lee trimer should trim to the recommended dimension if I remember correctly. I haven't used one of those for 20 years or more, and never the "Zip" trimmer, so I don't know if that is adjustable or not. Shorter really isn't a problem unless you happen to be reloading a cartridge with an exceptionally short neck, then you may have a rentention issue. The biggest thing is to make them all the same if you are crimping. A small amount of material can drastically alter the crimp from cartridge to cartridge. eb
"We must all hang together, or most assuredly we shall all hang separately."
Benjamin Franklin, July 4 1776 |
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